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crates/codegen/xai-grok-pager/docs/custom-hooks.md
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crates/codegen/xai-grok-pager/docs/custom-hooks.md
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# Custom Hooks Guide
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Hooks let you run custom scripts or HTTP requests at key moments during a Grok session — for example, before or after a tool runs, when a session starts or ends, or when the agent sends a notification.
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They are perfect for automation, safety checks, logging, notifications, and integrating with your own tools.
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## Why Use Hooks?
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Common use cases:
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- **Safety guards**: Block dangerous commands like `rm -rf /` before they execute.
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- **Audit logging**: Record every tool use or session to a file or external service.
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- **Notifications**: Send a Slack/Discord message when a long-running task finishes.
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- **Auto-formatting**: Run `cargo fmt` or `prettier` automatically after edits.
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- **Environment setup**: Export secrets or set variables at session start.
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- **Custom workflows**: Trigger builds, tests, or deployments on specific events.
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## Quick Start
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1. Create the hooks directory:
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```sh
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mkdir -p ~/.grok/hooks
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```
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2. Create a simple hook file, e.g. `~/.grok/hooks/session-start.json`:
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```json
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{
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"hooks": {
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"SessionStart": [
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{
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"hooks": [
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{ "type": "command", "command": "echo \"🚀 Grok session started in $(pwd)\"" }
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]
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}
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]
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}
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}
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```
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3. Start (or restart) a Grok session. The hook runs automatically on `SessionStart`.
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Try it: press `Ctrl+L` on non–VS Code family (or run `/hooks` anywhere — preferred on VS Code / Cursor / Windsurf / Zed) and check the Hooks tab to confirm it's loaded.
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## Hook Locations
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Hooks are discovered from several places (all are merged):
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| Scope | Path | Trusted? | Notes |
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|-----------|-----------------------------------|--------------|-------|
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| Global | `~/.grok/hooks/*.json` | Always | Best for personal hooks |
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| Global | `~/.claude/settings.json` | Always | Claude Code compatibility |
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| Project | `<project>/.grok/hooks/*.json` | Requires trust | Per-repo automation |
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| Project | `<project>/.claude/settings.json` | Requires trust | Claude compatibility |
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| Plugin | Bundled inside installed plugins | Per-plugin | Shared team hooks |
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**Trusting a project**: Open the hooks modal (`Ctrl+L` on non–VS Code family, or `/hooks` on any terminal including VS Code family) or run `/hooks-trust` (the same folder-trust gate as `--trust`, recorded in `~/.grok/trusted_folders.toml`) the first time you open a project with hooks. This prevents untrusted repos from running arbitrary code.
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## The Hook JSON Format
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Each `.json` file can define multiple hooks:
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```json
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{
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"hooks": {
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"PreToolUse": [
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{
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"matcher": "Bash",
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"hooks": [
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{ "type": "command", "command": "bin/safety-check.sh", "timeout": 10 }
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]
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}
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],
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"PostToolUse": [
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{
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"hooks": [
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{ "type": "command", "command": "bin/log-activity.sh" }
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]
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}
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]
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}
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}
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```
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Key fields:
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- **Event name** (top-level key): `SessionStart`, `UserPromptSubmit`, `PreToolUse`, `PostToolUse`, `Stop`, `Notification`, `SessionEnd`, etc.
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- **matcher** (optional): Regex that must match the tool name. Only applies to `PreToolUse`/`PostToolUse`. Empty = match everything.
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- **type**: `"command"` (run a script or shell one-liner) or `"http"` (POST the event to a URL).
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- **command**: Path to executable (relative to the JSON file) or inline shell command.
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- **timeout**: Seconds before killing the hook (default: 5). Hooks fail open on timeout.
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**Tool name aliases**: Claude-style names like `Bash`, `Edit`, `Read` automatically match Grok's internal names (`run_terminal_cmd`, `search_replace`, `read_file`).
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## Writing Hook Scripts
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### Input
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The full event is sent as JSON on **stdin**. Example for a `PreToolUse` hook:
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```json
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{
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"hookEventName": "pre_tool_use",
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"sessionId": "abc-123",
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"cwd": "/Users/you/project",
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"workspaceRoot": "/Users/you/project",
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"toolName": "run_terminal_cmd",
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"toolInput": { "command": "npm test" },
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"timestamp": "2026-04-14T12:00:00Z"
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}
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```
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### Output (for blocking hooks like PreToolUse)
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Write JSON to **stdout**:
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- Allow: `{"decision": "allow"}`
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- Deny: `{"decision": "deny", "reason": "Unsafe command detected"}`
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**Exit codes** (behavior differs by hook type):
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- `0` — success / allow (for blocking hooks)
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- `2` — explicit deny (blocking hooks only)
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- Any other (including timeout/crash/missing env var) — **fail-open**: the failure is logged and shown in the hook scrollback, but the tool call is not blocked. To block a tool call, return JSON `{"decision":"deny","reason":"..."}` on stdout.
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### Passive hooks
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For events like `SessionStart` or `PostToolUse`, stdout is ignored. Just exit 0 on success.
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### Useful Environment Variables
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Grok injects the following variables into every hook process:
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- `GROK_HOOK_EVENT` — the event name (e.g. `pre_tool_use`, `session_start`, `post_tool_use`)
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- `GROK_HOOK_NAME` — the full configured name of this hook
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- `GROK_SESSION_ID` — the current session identifier
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- `GROK_WORKSPACE_ROOT` — absolute path to the workspace root
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For hooks provided by plugins, the following are also set:
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- `GROK_PLUGIN_ROOT` — absolute path to the plugin's installation directory
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- `GROK_PLUGIN_DATA` — absolute path to the plugin's writable data directory
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These runner- and plugin-injected variables always take precedence. Attempts to override the reserved runner keys via the `env` field are stripped at load time (with a warning logged). For plugin hooks, `GROK_PLUGIN_ROOT` and `GROK_PLUGIN_DATA` similarly override any user-supplied values for those keys.
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### Custom Environment Variables (`env` field)
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Each handler can declare additional env vars to inject into the child process:
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```json
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{
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"type": "command",
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"command": "bin/check.sh",
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"env": {
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"MY_API_TOKEN": "secret-here",
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"LOG_LEVEL": "debug"
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}
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}
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```
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Values must be **strings** — JSON numbers and bools currently fail to parse
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(wrap them in quotes if you need them).
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For plugin hooks, the plugin adapter additionally injects
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`GROK_PLUGIN_ROOT` and `GROK_PLUGIN_DATA`. These keys override any user-declared
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values for the same names (the plugin contract is non-negotiable).
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### Variable Substitution
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`command` and `url` strings support `$VAR` and `${VAR}` substitution at
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config-load time:
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```json
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{
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"type": "command",
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"command": "${HOME}/.config/grok-hooks/check.sh"
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}
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```
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Lookup order for each reference:
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1. The handler's own `env` map.
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2. The current process environment (the env Grok itself sees).
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If a reference is unset in both, it's **preserved verbatim** (e.g. `${UNSET}`
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stays as the literal string). The runtime `sh -c` branch may resolve it later
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if the var becomes set; otherwise the runner refuses to spawn with a clear
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"required env var(s) not set" error.
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For HTTP hooks specifically, `url` is also re-expanded **at request time**
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(immediately before SSRF validation), so plugin-injected vars like
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`${GROK_PLUGIN_ROOT}/check` resolve against the plugin's actual path.
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#### Parameter-expansion modifiers
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POSIX parameter-expansion forms — `${VAR:-default}`, `${VAR-default}`,
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`${VAR:=x}`, `${VAR:?msg}`, `${VAR:+x}`, `${VAR%pat}`, `${VAR#pat}`,
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`${VAR/pat/repl}`, `${VAR:N:M}` — are **never** expanded at load time and are
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left verbatim for the runtime `sh -c` branch to handle. This avoids subtle
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divergences between the load-time expander and POSIX shell semantics
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(notably, the empty-string behaviour of `:-`).
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If your hook command contains shell metacharacters (spaces, pipes, `&&`,
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redirects, `$`, etc.), the runner routes it through `sh -c` and you get full
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shell-expansion semantics. If your command is a bare path with no metachars,
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the runner spawns it directly — but `$VAR` / `${VAR}` references in the path
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are still resolved at load time so direct-exec paths like
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`${HOME}/bin/check.sh` work without needing to be wrapped in `sh -c`.
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#### What is NOT expanded
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- **`matcher`** is a regex (`$` is the regex anchor for end-of-line). It is
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never env-expanded — substituting `$VAR` would silently change the regex's
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semantics and likely produce an invalid pattern. If you need a dynamic
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matcher, generate the JSON file at write time.
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- **`timeout`** is numeric, so there is nothing to expand.
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- **The values of the `env` map itself** — these are stored verbatim and
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passed to the child as-is, so `"BAR": "${HOME}/x"` injects the literal
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string `${HOME}/x` into the child's environment.
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## Managing Hooks in the TUI
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Press `Ctrl+L` on non–VS Code family (or run `/hooks` anywhere) to open the Hooks & Plugins modal.
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In the **Hooks** tab you can:
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- `l` — Reload all hooks
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- `a` — Add a custom hook by path (great for testing)
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- `e` — Enable/disable
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- `r` — Remove
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- `Space` — Expand groups
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Hooks from `~/.grok/hooks/` appear under **Global**, project ones under **Project**, etc.
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## HTTP Hooks
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Instead of a local script, call a remote endpoint:
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```json
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{ "type": "http", "url": "https://hooks.example.com/grok-event", "timeout": 15 }
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```
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The full event envelope is POSTed as JSON. Useful for webhooks, analytics, or serverless functions.
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## Best Practices
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1. **Keep hooks fast** — long-running hooks block the UI (use background `&` or async where possible).
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2. **Use explicit `deny` to block** — hooks fail-open on any error (timeout, crash, missing env var, etc.), so a hook that crashes will not block the tool call. To enforce policy, your hook must run to completion and emit `{"decision":"deny","reason":"..."}` on stdout.
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3. **Use absolute paths or relative to hook file** — scripts in `bin/` next to the JSON are portable.
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4. **Test with `Ctrl+L` (non–VS Code family) / `/hooks`** — verify loading and matching before relying on them.
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5. **Version control project hooks** — commit `.grok/hooks/` (but never secrets).
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## Security Notes
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- Global hooks (`~/.grok/...`) run with your user permissions — treat them like shell scripts.
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- Project hooks require explicit trust (run `/hooks-trust` or use the modal) to prevent supply-chain attacks from malicious repos.
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- HTTP hooks send session data — only use trusted endpoints.
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## Troubleshooting
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- **Hook not running?** → Press `Ctrl+L` on non–VS Code family (or run `/hooks` anywhere) to see if it's loaded and matched.
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- **Project hooks ignored?** → Trust the project first.
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- **Script not found?** → Check the path is relative to the `.json` file and executable (`chmod +x`).
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- **See errors?** → Check the pager logs (usually in the tracing pane or `~/.grok/logs`).
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## More Examples
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See the built-in examples in the `xai-grok-hooks` crate:
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- [Safe Shell Guard](../../../xai-grok-hooks/examples/hooks/safe-shell.json)
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- [No Recursive Grep](../../../xai-grok-hooks/examples/hooks/no-recursive-grep.json) — hard-blocks `grep -r`/`grep -R`/`rgrep` (OOM guard)
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- [Session Audit Log](../../../xai-grok-hooks/examples/hooks/session-log.json)
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- [Tool Activity Logger](../../../xai-grok-hooks/examples/hooks/tool-logger.json)
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Copy them to `~/.grok/hooks/` and customize.
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## Full Reference
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For the complete event list, matcher semantics, trust model, and advanced details, see the [Hooks user guide](user-guide/10-hooks.md).
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---
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*Happy hooking!* If you build something cool, consider sharing it as a plugin.
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